UNIT-I

Introduction to RTOS: Overview of embedded systems and their applications, Introduction to real-time systems and their daracteristics, Fundamentals of operating systems and their role in embedded systems, Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) vs. General-Purpose Operating Systems, Tasks and processes in RTOS: creation, scheduling and termination, Inter-process communication and synchronization mechanisms in RTOS, Case studies of popular RTOS used in embedded systems (e.g., FreeRTOS, VxWorks, RTLinux)

UNIT-II

Task Management and Scheduling: Task management in RTOS: task states, priorities, and context switching, Task scheduling algorithms: pre-emptive vs. non-pre-emptive, priority-based, round-robin, Rate monotonic scheduling (RMS) and earliest deadline first (EDF) algorithms, Task synchronization and communication: semaphores, mutexes, message queues, Deadlock and priority inversion issues in RTOS, Task profiling and performance analysis in real-time systems

UNIT-111

Memory Management and Device Drivers in RTOS: Memory management in embedded systems and its challenges, Memory partitioning and protection rpchanisms in RTOS, Memory pools and dynamic memory allocation in RTOS, Introduction to device drivers and their role in embedded systems, implementing device drivers for peripherals in RTOS, Interrupt handling and real-time responsiveness in device drivers, Case study: Writing a device driver for a specific hardware peripheral in an RTOS environment

UNIT - w

Real-Time Communication and System Design: Interfacing with external devices and communication protocols (UART, SPI, 12C), Real-time communication (CAN, Ethernet) and their importance in industrial applications, Introduction to real-time constraints and analysis in system design, System-level design and considerations for real-time applications, Introduction to software engineering principles in RTOS projects, Real-time debugging and testing techniques in embedded systems, Any one Real-time case study and application (robotics, automotive systems, medical devices)